Neonatal diseases are a major cause of death in babies, especially in Nigeria. A study looked at 656 newborns admitted to a hospital in Nigeria over 2 years. The most common issues were lack of oxygen at birth and being born too early. Babies with birth defects, lack of oxygen at birth, and being born too early had the highest chance of dying. The study found that factors like how early the baby was born, how long they stayed in the hospital, where and how they were born, affected their chances of survival. The study showed that almost a quarter of the babies admitted died, with lack of oxygen at birth being the main cause. The study suggests that better emergency care for sick newborns is needed in Nigerian hospitals.